Wing or supporting-plane for aeroplanes and aerial machines.



J. WEISS & A. KEITH.

WING 0R SUPPORTING PLANE FOR ABROPLANES AND AERIAL MAGHINBS.

APPLIOATIQN FILED 0GT.28, 1913.

W TN 56656;

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Patented Apr. 7, 19%

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pNiTE STATES PATENT oFricE.

JOSE wnrss, or nouerrron, ARUNDEL, AND ALEXANDER KEITH, or LONDON,

ENGLAND.

WING R SUPPORTING-PLANE FOR AEROPLANES AND AERIAL MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. *7, 1914.

Application filed October 28, 1913. Serial No. 797,704.

To all whom it may concem:

Be it known thatwe, Josli \Vniss, artist, of Houghton House, Hougliton, Arundel, in the county of Sussex, England, and ALEX- ANDER KEITH, of 4 VVestbourne Park road, in the county of London, England, experimentor in aeronautics, have invented certion.

wItis and we have found that the main factor in reducing drift, isa shape'adapting itself exactly to, or in a way absorbing, the wave set up in the air by the passage of the machine, that passage causing thus no eddies and consequently no resistance. Noii there is considerable difliculty in defining the shape of that wave which arises from elasticity and cannot therefore be compared to waves in water due to gravity only.

The cushioning effect of the air on the wing is comparable to a spring which rebounds when suddenly compressed, and the object of this invention is to form or' pro vide a wing upon which the energy; expended in setting up that waveor rebounding action is automatically applied to assist forward or, upward motioninstead of letting the energy be wasted in eddies.

We have ascertained from experiments.

that an'eddy-less wing is one which is made up 'of' a series of paraboho curves having a definite relation and harmony between them.

In accordance with this invention the front edge of the wingor main plane" is in the-form of a parabolic 'curve, the focus of which lies in the central or, longitudinal axis of the machine, and for the purpose. of descrlbing thisinventionfis called the front edge parabola.- This edge lies in what may be termed the datum lane, the rear edge radiates laterally-in a e straight in plan from the focus of the front edge parabola untilit meets the saidparabola, thus com-' pleting with the axis of the said parabola the boundary of the wing. For constructional requirements the extreme tip of the wing may be rounded off more or less. This parabola determines the shape of the under surface of the wing, as hereafter explained.

For the purpose of determining the height of the rear edge of the wing with respect to datum plane, and the curve of the upper surface of the wing, a second parabola is drawnon the same focus and in the "same plane as the front edge parabola and for the purpose of this description we term this second parabola the datum parabola. The focal distance of the datum parabola is 1/7 or about 1/7 of the focal distance of the front edge parabola. In determining and setting out the under surface of the wing, straight lines representing sections taken at various points, are drawn parallel to the axis of the parabolas or axis of the machine, so as to out both parabolas, whereby the level of'various points of the rear edge of the wing can be determinedby the intersection of the outer portion of the front edge parabola, when applied from the front edge curve to the datum parabola in a plane at right angles to the datum plane and represented by the before mentioned straight lines, with a vertical plane containing the rear edge of the wing.

The drawing accompanying this specification, shows in diagram, the curves and method of their application.

7 ab is thevfront, a c the axis, 03 the focus, and e f the datum parabola, d h, d h, d h" being possible rear edges of the wing;

j 7 is a section line passing through the front edge parabola at m and datum parabola at n. a' b e and f lie in the same plane. The under curve of the wing is obtained by applying that portion of the front edge parabola a b which is outside j k to the frontedge curveand datum arabola in aplane at right angles to the atum plane so thatthe point m lies upon m and some other point 'on the front edge arabola hes on the datumparabola where t c section. cuts said curve-which terminates at p, p or?" according to the selection of the position of consequently identical with the curve wherem M g and it is clear that the .011 the datum parabola lies on th of the points 0" p ;0 may be determined specifically by this. construction, but in certain'circ'umstances' we have found that the outer part of the rear edge and, tip may, with advantage'be raised somewhat above the point determined in this manner.

The upper curve isobtained by applying the datum parabola to the front edge curve in a plane at right angles to the datum plane so that the point on or near the axis lies on the frontedge parabola and another point e point formed by the intersection of the under curve with the rear edge that is p p p in the example given. I,

What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1.:A wing or supporting plane for aeroplanes and aerial machines, having its front edgevin the. form of a parabolic curve, the focus of which lies in the central or longitudinal axisof the machine, and its rear edge appearing as a straight line in plan, and radiating laterally from the focus of the front edge parabola until it meets the .saidfparabola thuscompleting with the axis parabola, the boundary of l the of the lsaid wing.

2. A wing or supporting plane for. aeroplanes and aerial machines, having its front edge in the form of a parabolic curve the focusof'which lies in the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and its rear edge appearing asa straight line in plan, and radiating laterally from the focus of the -front edge parabola until it. meets the said parabola thuscompleting with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of the wing and having its underside curved from the front to the rear edge with a curvature equal to that of a portion of the front edge parabola.

A wingor supporting plane for aeroplanesand aerial machines, having its front edge in the formof a parabolic curve, the focus of. whichylies in the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and-its rear edge appearing as a straight line in plan and'fradia'ting laterally from the focus of the; front edge parabola until it meets the said parabola thus completing with theaxis ofithesaid parabola, the boundary of the 'wing and having the level of each point of "the rear edgedetermined by a point found by? the intersection of the outer portion of the front edge parabola, when applied from its the front edge curve to the datum parabola ing-a plane'- at right angles 'to the datum lane, withfa vertical plane containing the rear edge of'the wing. I I

4. A wing or supporting plane for aeroplanes 'andaerial machines, having its front edgein the of a arabolic curve the focnsofwhi'ch lies in t epentral or longit'l ldl niil" axis of-the mach ne, and its .rear' said parabola thus completing with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of the wing and having its underside curved from the front to the rear edge with a curvature equalto that of a portion of the front edge parabola, and havin the level of each point of the rear edge etermined by a point -found by the intersection of the outer portion of the front edge parabola, when applied from the front edge curve to the datum parabola in a plane at right angles to the datum plane, with a vertical plane containing the rear edge of the wing.

5. A wing or supporting plane" for aeroplanes and aerial machines, having its front edge in the form of a parabolic curve, the focus of whichlies in the central or long'ir tudinal axis of the machine, and its rear edge appearing as a straight line in plan, and radiating laterally from the focus of the front edge parabola until it meets the said parabola thus completing with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of 'the wing and having the level of each oint of the rear edge raised somewhat above a point found by the intersection of the outer portion of the front edge parabola, when applied from the front edge curve to the datum parabola in a plane at right angles to thedatum plane, with a vertical plane containmg the rear edge of the wing.

I 6. A wing or supporting plane for acre-- planes and'aerial machines, having its front edge in the form of 'a parabolic curve, the focus of which lies in the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and its rear edge appearing as a straight line in plan,

and radiating laterally from the focus bf the front edge parabola until it meets the sad parabola thus completing with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of thewmg, and having its underside curved from the front to the rear edge with a curvatureequal to that of a portion of the front edge-parabola and having the level of each point of the rear edge raised somewhat above a point found by the intersectical wing.

.7. A- wing or supporting plane-for aeroplanes and aerial machine's, havingits'front edge in .the'form of a parabolic curve, the

focus .of which liesuin'the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and its rear 7 edge appearing as a straight line in plan and; radiating laterally from the focus 0 thefront edge parabola until it meets "the said-parabola thus cornpleting with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of the wing, and having its upper surface curved from the front edge to the rear edge to a curvature obtained by applying the datum parabola to the front edge curve in a plane at right angles to the datum plane so that a point near the axis lies on the front edge parabola and another point on the datum parabola lies on the point formed by the intersection of the under curve with the rear edge of the wing.

8. A wing or supporting plane for aeroplanes and aerial machines, having its front edge in the form of a parabolic curve, the focus of which lies in the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and its rear edge appearing as a straight line in plan, and radiating laterally from the focus of the front edge parabola until it meets the said parabola thus completing with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of the wing, and having its underside curved from the front to the rear edge with a curvature equal to that of a portion of the front edge parabola, and having its upper surface curved from the front edge to the rear edge to a curvature obtained by applying the datum parabola to the front edge curve in a plane at right angles to the datum plane so that a point near the axis lies on the front edge parabola and another point on the datum parabola lies on the point formed by the intersection of the under curve with the rear edge of the wing.

9. A wing or supporting plane for aeroplanes and aerial machines, having its front edge in the form of a parabolic curve, the focus of which lies in the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and its rear edge appearing as a straight line in plan, and radiating laterally from the focus of the front edge parabola until it meets the said parabola thus completing with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of the wing, and having the level of each point of the rear edge determined by a point found by the intersection of the outer portion of the front edge parabola, when applied from the front edge curve to the datum parabola in a plane at right angles to the datum plane, with a vertical plane containing the rear edge of the wing, and

having its upper surface curved from the front edge to the rear edge to a curvature obtained by applying the datum parabola to the front edge curve in a plane at right angles to the datum plane so that a point near the axis lies on the front edge parabola and another point on the datum parabola lies on the point formed by the intersection of the under curve with the rear edge of the wing.

10. A wing or supporting plane for aeroplanes and aerial machine's, having its front edge in the form of a parabolic curve, the focus of which lies in the central or longitudinal axis of the machine, and its rear edge appearing as a straight line inplan, and radiating laterally from the focus of the front edge parabola until it meets the said parabola thus completing with the axis of the said parabola, the boundary of the wing, and having its underside curved'from the front/to the rear edge with a curvature equal to that of a portion of the front edge parabola, and having the level of each point of the rear edge determined by a point found by the-intersection of the outer portion of the front edge parabola, when applied from the front edge curve to the datum parabola in a plane at right angles to the datum plane, with a vertical plane containing the rear edge of the wing, and having its upper surface curved from the front edge to the rear edge to'a curvature obtained by applying the datum parabola to the'front edge curve in a plane at right angles to the datum plane so that a point near the axis lies on the front edge parabola and another point on the datum parabola lies on the point formed by the intersection of the under curve with the rear edge of the wing.

In testimony whereof we have signed our JOSE WEISS. ALEXANDER KEITH.

Witnesses:

ALFRED BEESLEY CAMPBELL, HENRY SIMoNs BAKER. 

